Al-Li合金光谱标准样品制备和定值

本文叙述了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金光谱分析用标准样品的制备过程和定值结果。在制备过程中采用了先进的氩气保护、新型熔剂覆盖盖技术防止锂元素的烧损,首创作了“间歇式半连续铸造法 ”、“分步调整成分法”等先进的工艺,解决了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ标样铸锭不锡成形、成易偏析等技术难关;最后采用多家协作分析定值法和科学的数理统计方法对数据处理给出定值结果和不确定度。     

Voice Analysis of Postlingually Deaf Adults Pre- and Postcochlear Implantation

Objectives

To ascertain whether cochlear implantation (CI), without specific vocal rehabilitation, is associated with changes in perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters in adults with severe to profound postlingual deafness.

Hypothesis

Merely restoring auditory feedback could allow the individual to make necessary adjustments in vocal pattern.

Study Design

Prospective and longitudinal.

Methods

The experimental group composed of 40 postlingually deaf adults (20 males and 20 females) with no previous laryngeal or voice disorders. Participants’ voices were recorded before CI and 6–9 months after CI. To check for chance modifications between two evaluations, a control group of 12 postlingually deaf adults, six male and six female, without CI was also evaluated. All sessions composed of the recording of read sentences from Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice and sustained vowel /a/. Auditory and acoustic analyses were then conducted.

Results

We found a statistically significant reduction in overall severity, strain, loudness, and instability in auditory analysis. In vocal acoustic analysis, we found statistically significant reduction fundamental frequency (F0) values (in male participants) and F0 variability (in both genders). The control group showed no statistically significant changes in most vocal parameters assessed, apart from pitch and F0 (in female participants only). On comparing the interval of variation of results between the experimental and control groups, we found no statistically significant difference in vocal parameters between CI recipients and nonrecipients, with the exception of F0 variability in male participants.

Conclusions

The patients in our sample showed changes in overall severity, strain, loudness, and instability values, and reductions in F0 and its variability. On comparing the variation of results between the groups, we were able to prove in our study that implant recipients postlingually deaf adults (experimental group), without specific vocal rehabilitation, differed from nonrecipients (control group) in loudness and F0 variability sustained vowel /a/ in male participants.     

低频纯音不愉悦感主观评价的实验研究

本文提出分别采用“不愉悦度”和“不愉悦概率”作为衡量低频噪声主观感觉的整体评价指标,并确定出评价等级与相应的计算公式。在此基础上,以人工产生的低频纯音为研究对象,结合“5点4级”评价尺度,采用语义细分法,设计并完成了实验室主观评价实验。分析处理实验数据后发现：（1）“不愉悦度”与“不愉悦概率”两种感觉指标的评价结果之间及其各自所确定的评价等级之间存在较高相关性;（2）A,C及线性声级均可用于衡量低频纯音的不愉悦度,三者的衡量效果基本一致;（3）不同频率低频纯音的不愉悦度随声压级的变化趋势不同。     

利用模糊神经网络进行砂土液化势评判

利用模糊信息分析表达知识和人工神经网络在映射能力方面的优势, 选取应力比、震级、地面运动最大加速度、标贯击数、地下水位作为评价参数指标, 构造砂土液化势识别的模糊神经网络模型。验证和应用结果表明, 模糊神经网络模型可提供更高的映射能力, 是砂土液化势评价预测的有效手段。     

分析测试不确定度的评定与表示(Ⅱ)

就“不确定度”概念的来历和意义;基本术语;误差与不确定度;化学分析测量不确定度的来源;不确定度的评定;标准物质的不确定度;不确定度的评定实例等7个方面概述分析测试不确定度的评定与表示,介绍不确定度的基本知识与应用。     

Fast amortized multi-point evaluation

The efficient evaluation of multivariate polynomials at many points is an important operation for polynomial system solving. Kedlaya and Umans have recently devised a theoretically efficient algorithm for this task when the coefficients are integers or when they lie in a finite field. In this paper, we assume that the set of points where we need to evaluate is fixed and “sufficiently generic”. Under these restrictions, we present a quasi-optimal algorithm for multi-point evaluation over general fields. We also present a quasi-optimal algorithm for the opposite interpolation task.     

立体图像质量的主观评价方案

立体图像质量评价在立体图像压缩、处理以及通信领域中有着十分重要的作用,一种好的立体图像质量客观评价方法也要依赖于立体图像的主观评价.本文基于人眼的立体视觉特性,提出了相对完整的立体图像质量主观评价方案,该方案主要分为立体图像库的建立、评测者的选择、观看条件的描述、评测者的训练和测试、数据处理和实验结果分析六个方面.实验中,评测者根据自己的主观感受,对所选取的立体图像进行评分,最后用数理统计理论对所得数据进行处理.结果表明,本文所提出的主观评价方案可行,能够正确反映立体图像质量的优劣.     

改进的Brenner图像清晰度评价算法

图像清晰度评价是基于数字图像的被动式自动调焦技术的基本问题之一.传统Brenner图像清晰度评价算法具有运算速度快特点,但是其评价准确性取决于阈值选取,且其灵敏度较低.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种改进算法.改进算法采用高通和带通两个滤波器对图像进行计算,克服阈值对传统Brenner算法评价结果的影响.为了衡量改进算法的性能,将其与传统的Brenner算法比较,并对评价算法的单峰性、无偏性、灵敏度、计算量等主要衡量标准逐一分析.实验结果表明:与传统的Brenner评价算法相比,改进算法在满足评价算法单峰性和无偏性前提下,提高了灵敏度,降低了计算次数.     

西藏红缨合耳菊中药美白霜的美白功效评价

采用人体试验结合仪器测量的方法评价了西藏红缨合耳菊中药美白霜的美白效果。应用Lab色度系统评价美白霜使用前后皮肤颜色的变化。西藏红缨合耳菊中药美白霜使用4周后与使用前相比,ΔL值、Δb值均有增大,且差异显著(ΔL=1.79±1.33,P<0.01;Δb=0.60±0.82,P<0.05)。实验结果表明,西藏红缨合耳菊中药提取物的美白效果优于熊果苷(ΔL=0.86±1.11,P<0.05),有使皮肤变白的趋势。     

Towards a new framework for evaluating systemic problem structuring methods

Operational researchers and social scientists often make significant claims for the value of systemic problem structuring and other participative methods. However, when they present evidence to support these claims, it is usually based on single case studies of intervention. There have been very few attempts at evaluating across methods and across interventions undertaken by different people. This is because, in any local intervention, contextual factors, the skills of the researcher and the purposes being pursued by stakeholders affect the perceived success or failure of a method. The use of standard criteria for comparing methods is therefore made problematic by the need to consider what is unique in each intervention. So, is it possible to develop a single evaluation approach that can support both locally meaningful evaluations and longer-term comparisons between methods? This paper outlines a methodological framework for the evaluation of systemic problem structuring methods that seeks to do just this.